Watson (computer) - Wikipedia. Watson is a question answering computer system capable of answering questions posed in natural language.
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Watson consistently outperformed its human opponents on the game's signaling device, but had trouble in a few categories, notably those having short clues containing only a few words. In February 2. 01. IBM announced that Watson software system's first commercial application would be for utilization management decisions in lung cancer treatment at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in conjunction with health insurance company Well. Point. The system was written in various languages, including Java, C++, and Prolog, and runs on the SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 1.
Apache Hadoop framework to provide distributed computing. In total, the system has 2,8. POWER7 processor threads and 1. RAM. Watson also used databases, taxonomies, and ontologies. Specifically, DBPedia, Word.
Net, and Yago were used.! That machine zeroes in on key words in a clue, then combs its memory (in Watson's case, a 1.
It rigorously checks the top hits against all the contextual information it can muster: the category name; the kind of answer being sought; the time, place, and gender hinted at in the clue; and so on. This is all an instant, intuitive process for a human Jeopardy!
This gives Watson some advantages and disadvantages compared with human Jeopardy! As a result, human players usually generate responses faster than Watson, especially to short clues.! Given the speed of this circuitry compared to the speed of human reaction times, Watson's reaction time was faster than the human contestants except when the human anticipated (instead of reacted to) the ready signal.!
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The humans tried to compensate for the perception delay by anticipating the light. In 2. 00. 4, IBM Research manager Charles Lickel, over dinner with coworkers, noticed that the restaurant they were in had fallen silent. He soon discovered the cause of this evening hiatus: Ken Jennings, who was then in the middle of his successful 7. Jeopardy! Nearly the entire restaurant had piled toward the televisions, mid- meal, to watch the phenomenon. Intrigued by the quiz show as a possible challenge for IBM, Lickel passed the idea on, and in 2. IBM Research executive Paul Horn backed Lickel up, pushing for someone in his department to take up the challenge of playing Jeopardy! Though he initially had trouble finding any research staff willing to take on what looked to be a much more complex challenge than the wordless game of chess, eventually David Ferrucci took him up on the offer.
In competitions managed by the United States government, Watson's predecessor, a system named Piquant, was usually able to respond correctly to only about 3. While the best real- life competitors buzzed in half the time and responded correctly to as many as 9. Watson's first pass could get only about 1. During 2. 00. 7, the IBM team was given three to five years and a staff of 1. To alleviate that claim, a third party randomly picked the clues from previously written shows that were never broadcast.! Originally Watson signaled electronically, but show staff requested that it press a button physically, as the human contestants would. Human reflexes can't compete with computer circuits in this regard.!
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Human players, including former Jeopardy! Jennings described the computer's avatar as a . All participants maintained secrecy about the outcome until the match was broadcast in February. Practice match. None of the three players responded incorrectly to a clue. The right to choose the first category had been determined by a draw won by Rutter. At the end of the first round, Watson was tied with Rutter at $5,0. Jennings had $2,0.
In one instance, Watson repeated a reworded version of an incorrect response offered by Jennings. In another instance, Watson was initially given credit for a response of . Because Watson, unlike a human, could not have been responding to Jennings's mistake, it was decided that this response was incorrect. The broadcast version of the episode was edited to omit Trebek's original acceptance of Watson's response. Watson responded to the second Daily Double correctly with a 3. Rutter and Jennings gave the correct response of Chicago, but Watson's response was . Chris Welty, who also worked on Watson, suggested that it may not have been able to correctly parse the second part of the clue, !
Both Toronto and Chicago were well below Watson's confidence threshold, at 1. As promised, IBM donated 1. Watson's winnings to charity, with 5. World Vision and 5.
World Community Grid.! The company sees a future in which fields like medical diagnosis, business analytics, and tech support are automated by question- answering software like Watson. Just as factory jobs were eliminated in the 2. Brad and I were the first knowledge- industry workers put out of work by the new generation of 'thinking' machines. In the first round, Rush D. However, combining the scores between all matches, the final score was $4.
Watson and $3. 0,0. In the data- intensive environment of government, this type of technology can help organizations make better decisions and improve how government helps its citizens. Weber, IBM's general counsel, that Watson may be used for legal research. IBM also intends to market the Deep. QA software to large corporations, with a price in the millions of dollars, reflecting the $1 million needed to acquire a server that meets the minimum system requirement to operate Watson.
IBM expects the price to decrease substantially within a decade as the technology improves. Fluid is developing an app for retailers, one called .
Welltok is developing an app designed to give people advice on ways to engage in activities to improve their health. MD Buyline is developing an app for the purpose of advising medical institutions on equipment procurement decisions.
To build out its base of partners who create applications on the Watson platform, IBM consults with a network of venture capital firms, which advise IBM on which of their portfolio companies may be a logical fit for what IBM calls the Watson Ecosystem. Thus far, roughly 8.
IBM, with interest in creating applications that could use the Watson platform. The winners were Majestyk Apps with their adaptive educational platform, FANG (Friendly Anthropomorphic Networked Genome).
The use of the artificial intelligence of Watson has also been found in hospitality industry. Go. Moment uses Watson for its Rev. Using software built by IBM and Influential, Cond.
Physicians at Columbia University would help to identify critical issues in the practice of medicine where the system's technology may be able to contribute, and physicians at the University of Maryland would work to identify the best way that a technology like Watson could interact with medical practitioners to provide the maximum assistance. The company has sent Watson to the Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, where it will increase its health expertise and assist medical professionals in treating patients. The medical facility will utilize Watson's ability to store and process large quantities of information to help speed up and increase the accuracy of the treatment process. Martin Harris, MD, chief information officer of Cleveland Clinic. IBM has invested $1 billion to get the division going. Watson Group will develop three new cloud- delivered services: Watson Discovery Advisor, Watson Engagement Advisor, and Watson Explorer. Watson Discovery Advisor will focus on research and development projects in pharmaceutical industry, publishing and biotechnology, Watson Engagement Advisor will focus on self- service applications using insights on the basis of natural language questions posed by business users, and Watson Explorer will focus on helping enterprise users uncover and share data- driven insights based on federated search more easily.
According to IBM, the cloud- delivered enterprise- ready Watson has seen its speed increase 2. Jill answered questions where it had a 9. Weather Forecasting. Retrieved February 1. Artificial Intelligence. Retrieved February 1.
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